Riferimenti

Arancio orange

• Azzini E, Giacometti J, Russo GL. Antiobesity Effects of Anthocyanins in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:2740364.
• de Lima LP, de Paula Barbosa A. A review of the lipolytic effects and the reduction of abdominal fat from bioactive compounds and moro orange extracts. Heliyon. 2021 Aug;7(8):e07695.
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2022/10/shed-belly-fat-mediterranean-way

Ashwagandha

• Deshpande A, Irani N, Balkrishnan R, et al. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep quality in healthy adults. Sleep Med. 2020 Aug;72:28-36.
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2021/7/ashwagandha-brain-benefits

Boro

• Mahabir S, Spitz MR, Barrera SL, et al. Dietary boron and hormone replacement therapy as risk factors for lung cancer in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167(9):1070-80. 
• Gallardo-Williams MT, Chapin RE, King PE, et al. Boron supplementation inhibits the growth and local expression of IGF-1 in human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) tumors in nude mice. Toxicol Pathol. 2004;32(1):73-8. 3. 
• Gorustovich AA, Steimetz T, Nielsen FH, et al. A histomorphometric study of alveolar bone modelling and remodelling in mice fed a boron-deficient diet. Arch Oral Biol. 2008;53(7):677-82. 
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2021/11/what-is-boron
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2015/11/boron-reduces-prostate-cancer-risk
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2022/2/better-night-sleep
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2023/8/challenges-of-male-aging

L-carnitina (L-carnitina)

• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2013/3/carnitine-restores-cellular-function Ames BN. Optimal micronutrients delay mitochondrial decay and age-associated diseases. Mech Ageing Dev. 2010 Jul-Aug;131(7-8):473-9.
• Noland RC, Koves TR, Seiler SE, et al. Carnitine insufficiency caused by aging and overnutrition compromises mitochondrial performance and metabolic control. J Biol Chem. 2009 Aug 21;284(34):22840-52.
• Abdul HM, Calabrese V, Calvani M, Butterfield DA. Acetyl-L-carnitine-induced up-regulation of heat shock proteins protects cortical neurons against amyloid-beta peptide 1-42-mediated oxidative stress and neurotoxicity: implications for Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Aug 1;84(2):398-408.
• Terman A, Kurz T, Navratil M, Arriaga EA, Brunk UT. Mitochondrial turnover and aging of long-lived postmitotic cells: the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis theory of aging. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010 Apr;12(4):503-35.
• Dutta D, Calvani R, Bernabei R, Leeuwenburgh C, Marzetti E. Contribution of impaired mitochondrial autophagy to cardiac aging: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Circ Res. 2012 Apr 13;110(8):1125-38.
• Maasen JA. Mitochondria, body fat and type 2 diabetes: what is the connection? Minerva Med. 2008 Jun;99(3):241-51. Wang CH, Wang CC, Wei YH. • Mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin insensitivity: implication of mitochondrial role in type 2 diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Jul;1201:157-65.
• Bernard A, Rigault C, Mazue F, Le Borgne F, Demarquoy J. L-carnitine supplementation and physical exercise restore age-associated decline in some mitochondrial functions in the rat. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008 Oct;63(10):1027-33.
• Tanaka Y, Sasaki R, Fukui F, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation restores decreased tissue carnitine levels and impaired lipid metabolism in aged rats. J Lipid Res. 2004 Apr;45(4):729-35. 
• Pesce V, Fracasso F, Cassano P, Lezza AM, Cantatore P, Gadaleta MN. Acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation to old rats partially reverts the age-related mitochondrial decay of soleus muscle by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis. Rejuvenation Res. 2010 Apr-Jun;13(2-3):148-51.
  

Coenzima Q10

• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2008/2/alleviating-congestive-heart-failure-with-coenzyme-q10
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2007/ss/enhanced-absorption-ubiquinol-coq10
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2023/1/coq10-in-aging
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2019/6/coq10-reverses-skin-aging
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2021/6/coq10-more-than-just-heart-health
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2013/1/coq10-the-longevity-factor
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2019/ss/coq10-continues-to-impress
• https://www.lifeextension.com/wellness/aging/coq10-benefits-for-women
  

L-theanina

• Williams JL, Everett JM, D’Cunha NM, et al. The Effects of Green Tea Amino Acid L-Theanine Consumption on the Ability to Manage Stress and Anxiety Levels: a Systematic Review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2020 Mar;75(1):12-23.
• Evans M, McDonald AC, Xiong L, et al. A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study to Investigate the Efficacy of a Single Dose of AlphaWave((R)) L-Theanine on Stress in a Healthy Adult Population. Neurol Ther. 2021 Dec;10(2):1061-78.
• Turkozu D, Sanlier N. L-theanine, unique amino acid of tea, and its metabolism, health effects, and safety. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017 May 24;57(8):1681-7.
• Nathan PJ, Lu K, Gray M, et al. The neuropharmacology of L-theanine(N-ethyl-L-glutamine): a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent. J Herb Pharmacother. 2006;6(2):21-30.
• Tian X, Sun L, Gou L, et al. Protective effect of l-theanine on chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Brain Res. 2013 Mar 29;1503:24-32.
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2021/12/stress-relief-l-theanine
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2022/11/l-theanine-lowers-stress
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2016/3/brain-benefits-of-l-theanine

Magnesio

• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2019/1/magnesium-the-overlooked-mineral Available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/magnesium-healthprofessional. Accessed October 2, 2018.
• Castiglioni S, Cazzaniga A, Albisetti W, et al. Magnesium and Osteoporosis: Current State of Knowledge and Future Research Directions. Nutrients. 2013 07/31; 06/18/received; 07/14/revised; 07/22/accepted;5(8):3022-33.
• Grober U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy. Nutrients. 2015 Sep;7(9):8199-226.
• Liu G, Weinger JG, Lu ZL, et al. Efficacy and Safety of MMFS-01, a Synapse Density Enhancer, for Treating Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;49(4):971-90. 
• Cole JH, Leech R, Sharp DJ. Prediction of brain age suggests accelerated atrophy after traumatic brain injury. Ann Neurol. 2015 Apr;77(4):571-81.
• Liem F, Varoquaux G, Kynast J, et al. Predicting brain-age from multimodal imaging data captures cognitive impairment. Neuroimage. 2017 Mar 1;148:179-88.
• Lin L, Jin C, Fu Z, et al. Predicting healthy older adult's brain age based on structural connectivity networks using artificial neural networks. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2016 Mar;125:8-17.
• Luders E, Cherbuin N, Gaser C. Estimating brain age using high-resolution pattern recognition: Younger brains in long-term meditation practitioners. Neuroimage. 2016 Jul 1;134:508-13.

• Rizzo R, Grandolfo M, Godeas C, et al. Calcium, sulfur, and zinc distribution in normal and arthritic articular equine cartilage: a synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray emission (SRIXE) study. J Exp Zool. 1995 Sep;273(1): 82-6.
• Murav’ev luV, Venikova MS, Pleskovskaia GN, et al. Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfone on a destructive process in the joints of mice with spontaneous arthritis. Patol Fziol Eksp Ter 1991 Mar-Apr;(2):37-9. [in Russian].
• Lawrence RM. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM): a double-blind study of its use in degenerative arthritis. Int J of Anti-Aging Med. 1998;1:50.
• Usha PR, Naidu MU. Randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study of oral glucosamine, methylsulfonylmethane and their combination in osteoarthritis. Clinical Drug Investigation. 2004 Jun; 24(6): 353-63.
• Available at http://www.msm.com/PDF/ DegenerativeArthritisStudy.pdf Accessed 9-13-04.
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2004/12/qanda

NAC

• Smaga I, Frankowska M, Filip M. N-acetylcysteine as a new prominent approach for treating psychiatric disorders. Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Jul;178(13):2569-94.
• Salamon S, Kramar B, Marolt TP, et al. Medical and Dietary Uses of N-Acetylcysteine. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Apr 28;8(5).
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2022/7/benefits-of-n-acetyl-l-cysteine
• Salamon S, Kramar B, Marolt TP, et al. Medical and Dietary Uses of N-Acetylcysteine. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Apr 28;8(5).
• Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Getting a Knack for NAC: N-Acetyl-Cysteine. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2011 Jan;8(1):10-4.
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2020/ss/protect-your-respiratory-system Kalyuzhin OV. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on mucosal immunity of respiratory tract. Ter Arkh. 2018 Apr 19;90(3):89-95.
• Santus P, Corsico A, Solidoro P, et al. Oxidative stress and respiratory system: pharmacological and clinical reappraisal of N-acetylcysteine. COPD. 2014 Dec;11(6):705-17.
• Aldini G, Altomare A, Baron G, et al. N-Acetylcysteine as an antioxidant and disulphide breaking agent: the reasons why. Free Radic Res. 2018 Jul;52(7):751-62.
• Zheng CH, Ahmed K, Rikitomi N, et al. The effects of S-carboxymethylcysteine and N-acetylcysteine on the adherence of Moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Microbiol Immunol. 1999;43(2):107-13.
• Riise GC, Qvarfordt I, Larsson S, et al. Inhibitory effect of N-acetylcysteine on adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to human oropharyngeal epithelial cells in vitro. Respiration. 2000;67(5):552-8.
• Cu A, Ye Q, Sarria R, et al. N-acetylcysteine inhibits TNF-alpha, sTNFR, and TGF-beta1 release by alveolar macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in vitro. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2009 Jul;26(2):147-54.

NAD+

• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2018/2/anti-aging-effects-of-nad
• Imai S. The NAD World: a new systemic regulatory network for metabolism and aging--Sirt1, systemic NAD biosynthesis, and their importance. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2009;53(2):65-74.
• Bonkowski MS, Sinclair DA. Slowing ageing by design: the rise of NAD+ and sirtuin-activating compounds. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2016;17(11):679-90.
• Imai SI. The NAD World 2.0: the importance of the inter-tissue communication mediated by NAMPT/NAD+/SIRT1 in mammalian aging and longevity control. NPJ Syst Biol Appl. 2016;2:16018.
• Imai SI, Guarente L. It takes two to tango: NAD+ and sirtuins in aging/longevity control. NPJ Aging Mech Dis. 2016;2:16017. Lu SP, Kato M, Lin SJ. Assimilation of endogenous nicotinamide riboside is essential for calorie restriction-mediated life span extension in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(25):17110-9.
• Mouchiroud L, Houtkooper RH, Moullan N, et al. The NAD(+)/Sirtuin pathway modulates longevity through activation of mitochondrial UPR and FOXO signaling. Cell. 2013;154(2):430-41. 
• Tsang F, James C, Kato M, et al. Reduced Ssy1-Ptr3-Ssy5 (SPS) signaling extends replicative life span by enhancing NAD+ homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(20):12753-64.
  

NMN

• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2013/1/conference-report-ellison-medical-foundation-colloquium-on-aging
• Funato H, Tsai AL, Willie JT, et al. Enhanced orexin receptor-2 signaling prevents diet-induced obesity and improves leptin sensitivity. Cell Metab. 2009 Jan 7;9(1):64-76.
• Yoshino J, Mills KF, Yoon MJ, Imai S. Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD(+) intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet- and age-induced diabetes in mice. Cell Metab. 2011 Oct 5;14(4):528-36.
• Imai S, Guarente L. Ten years of NAD-dependent SIR2 family deacetylases: implications for metabolic diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010 May;31(5):212-20.
• Imai S. Dissecting systemic control of metabolism and aging in the NAD World: the importance of SIRT1 and NAMPT-mediated NAD biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 2011 Jun 6;585(11):1657-62.

Selenio

• Brozmanova J. Selenium and cancer: from prevention to treatment. Klin Onkol. 2011;24(3):171-9. 
• Naithani R. Organoselenium compounds in cancer chemoprevention. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2008 Jun;8(7):657-68. 
• Clark LC, Combs GF, Jr., Turnbull BW, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized controlled trial. Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group. JAMA. 1996 Dec 25;276(24):1957-63. 
• Ganther HE. Selenium metabolism, selenoproteins and mechanisms of cancer prevention: complexities with thioredoxin reductase. Carcinogenesis. 1999 Sep;20(9):1657-66. 
• Available at: https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/719531d1-4d4f-427d-9915-daa0f2e0517b/downloads/Selenase%20IV.pdf?ver=1596487410147. Accessed August 4, 2020. 
• Jenkins DJA, Kitts D, Giovannucci EL, et al. Selenium, antioxidants, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Dec 10;112(6):1642-52. 
• Zimmermann T, Leonhardt H, Kersting S, Albrecht S, Range U, Eckelt U. Reduction of postoperative lymphedema after oral tumor surgery with sodium selenite. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2005 Sep;106(3):193-203. 
• Fleet JC. Dietary selenium repletion may reduce cancer incidence in people at high risk who live in areas with low soil selenium. Nutr Rev. 1997 Jul;55(7):277-9. 
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2015/11/how-to-obtain-optimal-benefits-from-selenium https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2022/12/selenium-research-highlight

TMG

• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2004/12/qanda
• Olthof MR, Verhoef P. Effects of betaine intake on plasma homocysteine concentrations and consequences for health. Curr Drug Metab. 2005 Feb;6(1):15-22.
• Steenge GR, Verhoef P, Katan MB. Betaine supplementation lowers plasma homocysteine in healthy men and women. J Nutr. 2003 May;133(5):1291-5.
• Holm PI, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, et al. Betaine and folate status as cooperative determinants of plasma homocysteine in humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Feb;25(2):379-85.
• Olthof MR, Vliet TV, Verhoef P, Zock PL, Katan MB. Effect of homocysteine-lowering nutrients on blood lipids: results from four randomised, placebo-controlled studies in healthy humans. PLoS Med. 2005 May;2(5):e135.
• da Costa KA, Gaffney CE, Fischer LM, Zeisel SH. Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Feb;81(2):440-4.
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2006/10/report_homocysteine

Vitamina D

• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2019/4/vitamin-d-improves-vascular-function
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2021/7/vitamin-d-magnesium-connection 
• Cannell JJ, Hollis BW. Use of vitamin D in clinical practice. Altern Med Rev. 2008 Mar;13(1):6-20.
• Rosanoff A, Dai Q, Shapses SA. Essential Nutrient Interactions: Does Low or Suboptimal Magnesium Status Interact with Vitamin D and/or Calcium Status? Adv Nutr. 2016 Jan;7(1):25-43.
• Erem S, Atfi A, Razzaque MS. Anabolic effects of vitamin D and magnesium in aging bone. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Oct;193:105400.
• Reddy P, Edwards LR. Magnesium Supplementation in Vitamin D Deficiency. Am J Ther. 2019 Jan/Feb;26(1):e124-e32. • Wintermeyer E, Ihle C, Ehnert S, et al. Crucial Role of Vitamin D in the Musculoskeletal System. Nutrients. 2016 Jun 1;8(6).

Vitamina D e K

• The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2015;3(4):286-295.
• British Journal of Nutrition. 1999;81(1):45-49.
• American journal of health-system pharmacy. 2005;62(15):1574-1581.
• Nutrition journal. 2012;11(1):93. British Journal of Nutrition. 1996;75(1):121-127.
• Archives of internal medicine. 2010;170(13):1135-1141. Neurology. 2012;79(13):1397-1405.
• J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019:105400. Current opinion in pharmacology. 2010;10(4):482-496.
• The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2004;89:387-392
• https://www.lifeextensioneurope.com/vitamins-d-k-eu

Vitamina E

• Trivedi JS, Krill SL, Fort JJ. Vitamin E as a human skin penetration enhancer. Eur J Phann Sci. 1995;3:241-3.
• Brigelius-Floh R, Traber MG. Vitamin E: function and metabolism. FASEB. 1999 Jul;13(10):11455.
• Clarke MW, Burnett JR, Croft KD. Vitamin E in human health and disease. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2008;45(5):417-50.
• Shibata A, Nakagawa K, Kawakami Y, Tsuzuki T, Miyazawa T. Suppression of gamma-tocotrienol on UVB induced inflammation in HaCaT keratinocytes and HR-1 hairless mice via inflammatory mediators multiple signaling. J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Jun 9;58(11):7013-20.

Vitamina K

• Booth SL, Broe KE, Gagnon DR, et al. Vitamin K intake and bone mineral density in women and men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Feb;77(2):512-6.
• https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2004/3/all-about-vitamin-k
• Kanazawa I. Osteocalcin as a hormone regulating glucose metabolism. World J Diabetes. 2015 Dec 25;6(18):1345-54. • Halder M, Petsophonsakul P, Akbulut AC, et al. Vitamin K: Double Bonds beyond Coagulation Insights into Differences between Vitamin K1 and K2 in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Feb 19;20(4):896.
• Walther B, Karl JP, Booth SL, et al. Menaquinones, bacteria, and the food supply: the relevance of dairy and fermented food products to vitamin K requirements. Adv Nutr. 2013 Jul 1;4(4):463-73.
• Marles RJ, Roe AL, Oketch-Rabah HA. US Pharmacopeial Convention safety evaluation of menaquinone-7, a form of vitamin K. Nutr Rev. 2017 Jul 1;75(7):553-78.
• Machado-Fragua MD, Hoogendijk EO, Struijk EA, et al. High dephospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein concentrations, a plasma biomarker of vitamin K, in relation to frailty: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Eur J Nutr. 2020 Apr;59(3):1243-51.
• Ferland G. Vitamin K and the nervous system: an overview of its actions. Adv Nutr. 2012 Mar 1;3(2):204-12.
• Kiely A, Ferland G, Ouliass B, et al. Vitamin K status and inflammation are associated with cognition in older Irish adults. Nutr Neurosci. 2020 Aug;23(8):591-9.

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